The following military junta, which was supported by the United States, persecuted and murdered thousands of political critics, activists, and leftists in the Dirty War, a period of state terrorism and civil unrest that lasted until the election of Raúl Alfonsín as president in 1983.Īrgentina is a regional power, and retains its historic status as a middle power in international affairs.
Following the death of President Juan Perón in 1974, his widow and vice president, Isabel Perón, ascended to the presidency, before being overthrown in 1976. Following the Great Depression in the 1930s, Argentina descended into political instability and economic decline that pushed it back into underdevelopment, although it remained among the fifteen richest countries for several decades. Currently, it is ranked 89th in the world. In 1896, Argentina's GDP per capita surpassed that of the United States and was consistently in the top ten before at least 1920. The almost-unparalleled increase in prosperity led to Argentina becoming the seventh-wealthiest nation in the world by the early 20th century.
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The country thereafter enjoyed relative peace and stability, with several waves of European immigration, mainly Italians and Spaniards, radically reshaping its cultural and demographic outlook over 60% of the population has full or partial Italian ancestry, and Argentine culture has significant connections to Italian culture. The declaration and fight for independence (1810–1818) was followed by an extended civil war that lasted until 1861, culminating in the country's reorganization as a federation. Argentina rose as the successor state of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, a Spanish overseas viceroyalty founded in 1776. The country has its roots in Spanish colonization of the region during the 16th century. The Inca Empire expanded to the northwest of the country in Pre-Columbian times. The earliest recorded human presence in modern-day Argentina dates back to the Paleolithic period. Argentina claims sovereignty over the Falkland Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, and a part of Antarctica.
The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions, but exist under a federal system. Argentina is a federal state subdivided into twenty-three provinces, and one autonomous city, which is the federal capital and largest city of the nation, Buenos Aires. It shares the bulk of the Southern Cone with Chile to the west, and is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north, Brazil to the northeast, Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. Argentina covers an area of 2,780,400 km 2 (1,073,500 sq mi), making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourth-largest country in the Americas, and the eighth-largest country in the world. ^ Since 10 June 1945, but trains are still driven on left.Īrgentina ( Spanish pronunciation: ( listen)), officially the Argentine Republic (Spanish: República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America.This include the CIA Factbook and a survey conducted by Latinobarómetro, answered by a handful of Argentine citizens. As such, non-government sources give varying estimates. ^ No recent Argentine census has included comprehensive questions or results on ethnicity.^ Many White Argentines are descendants of many different European countries, however, the majority of them have at least partial or mixed Spanish or Italian ancestry.^ Though not declared official de jure, the Spanish language is the only one used in the wording of laws, decrees, resolutions, official documents and public acts thus making it the de facto official language.
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